Argumentative History Essay Outline Technological...

Outline A. Thesis Of all of the major wars in the world from the Napoleonic wars to World War One, the war that has had the most impact on modern warfare as it is practiced today is World War One. There were more technological advances in World War One regarding warfare than there had been in the previous six centuries combined, and these advances have changed the face of warfare and continue to play an important role in warfare today. B. Point 1 1. The Introduction of Tanks a. Tanks were first introduced into warfare in World War One. b. Their success during their first use lead to the commission of more of them. Soon, they became an indispensable part of combating the enemy. c. Some people felt that the tanks could not substitute for the infantry, but could supplement it. Others felt the tanks could save lives and be a replacement for the infantry in a lot of places. d. Tank warfare prevailed as a means of war strategy, and lead to the elimination of company-sized waves of soldiers on the battlefield in favor of smaller squads and platoons. C. Point 2 1. The Introduction of the Light Machine Gun a. Machine guns were in use prior to World War One, but were immobile, difficult to operate, and required more than one person to use them. b. The introduction of light machine guns in World War One changed this, and allowed the guns to be operated by one person, thus reducing the need for additional personnel on the battlefield. c. FurtherShow MoreRelatedThe Dynamics of Military Revolution1505 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Set-up - Warfare is constantly changing, for the tools of war are always evolving, as do the societies that wage war. Between 1400 and 1918, western warfare went through four periods that saw such profound change that it can fairly be said that a military revolution occurred. According to historians MacGregor Knox and Williamson Murray, military revolutions fundamentally change the framework of war and recast society and the state as well as military organizationsRead MoreFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pagessaleable morality. He is a moralist-cum-worldly wise man. Bacon appears as a moralist in his essays, for he preaches high moral principles and lays down valuable guidelines for human conduct. Some of his essays show him as a true lover and preacher of high ethical codes and conducts. For instance, in â€Å"Of Envy†, he puts: â€Å"A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others.† Then, in his essay â€Å"Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature† he says: â€Å"But in charity there is no excess; neitherRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesinformation science text series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–59158–408–7 (alk. paper) ISBN 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kerzner, Harold. Project management : case studies I Harold Kerzner. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-471-75167-0 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-471-75167-7 (pbk.) 1. Project management-Case studies. I. Title. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface xi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems HealthcareRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesgenerate plenty of feedback! I have worked on many projects in my time in the following sectors: Nuclear, Public Sector, Rail Telecommunications. They all have one thing in common: they have in place Project Management systems and processes and plan to succeed! However with all best intentions they usually fail to varying degrees. You highlight perfectly the typical examples that are all to common and oft repeated. I can cite an extreme example of a projectRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual

Reproducibility Of Man Essay - 1245 Words

Reproducibility of Man nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When Walter Benjamin wrote The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction in 1969, I am sure he didn’t expect it to parallel the arguments of today’s discussions on the ethics of cloning. In the short shadow of the replication of Dolly the sheep, and five little piglets from Virginia comes the discussion on if this practice should really be allowed, and if so, what limits do you set? How can you look in the eyes of people who have had there family members pass away because the cloning of pigs for their organs have been outlawed. But what do you say when it comes to the question of just raising humans, lets say in a â€Å"human farm†, for exact organ and tissue matches. Where do†¦show more content†¦With the right amount of money, this could actually happen. â€Å"Others worry that interests would be sure to make clones of great athletes and other idols of pop culture, rock singers, movie stars, and the like, and, even wor se, that temporary, parochial standards of beauty and human excellence might be frozen into flesh (Ferre 2). Inevitably, racist preferences would surface and those with the power of this technology would use it to distort human genetic history, reflecting their conscious and unconscious prejudices. This leads to human population evolving into a society where everything is alike, somewhat of a cloning holocaust. â€Å"During long periods of history, the mode of human sense perception changes with humanity’s entire mode of existence† (Benjamin 31). If someone decides they no longer desire that type of person they have selected, how do you go about finding a new candidate to clone if you have already eliminated every other type of person? Walter Benjamin wrote about original artwork in this way. His essay, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction spoke of original artwork in this area. The original was just not as impressive anymore if you could make a dozen to a thousand copies of it. â€Å"Even the most perfect reproduction of a work is lacking in one element: it’s presence in time and space, its uniqueShow MoreRelatedIs Psychology A Science?1518 Words   |  7 Pageshave they managed to achieve scientific criteria? Berezow (2012) defined what separates science from non-science in five criteria. He stated that a science must have; clearly defined terminology, quantifiability, highly controlled experiments, reproducibility, and predictability and testability (What separates science from non-science, 2012) His claim that a discipline must meet each of these criteria to be defined as a science puts limits on psychology. There isn’t enough known about psychology, whenRead MoreRembrandt Analysis986 Words   |  4 Pagescelebrated visual artists during the Renaissance and one of the pioneers of the Dutch Golden Age, a period of commercial and artistic prosperity. As critical components of his career, Rembrandt’s etchings were the main sources of his fame. The reproducibility, small dimension, and relatively cheap price of etchings made his prints popular among the flourishing Dutch art market and gave him great financial success (Westermann 257). Rembrandt’s etchings cover a wide range of topics such as portrait,Read MoreInorganic Ion Exchangers774 Words   |  4 Pagesphysicochemical waste water treatment processes which are being used for metal removal. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of Pb(II) ions, detoxification from waste water using unmodified and EDTA-modified maize husk has been studied. Toxic levels of Pb in man have been associated with encephalopathy, seizures and mental retardation (Schumann, 1990). In our previous investigation organic polymer (Attallah et al, 2014), composite material (Attallah et al, 2016a), activated carbon (Hassan et al, 2010), naturalRead MoreWalter Benjamin The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction1450 Words   |  6 Pages– means the effects which public today seeks in the film† (Benjamin, 1968: 13). The reproducibility of art eliminates its uniqueness – its â€Å"aura† – in favour of an adaptation to the tools of modernity, transforming the role of the artist in the one of the engineer and his work in a construction. Haussman’s work moves between political criticisms, as he tries to exemplify in this head the example of the modern man, and scientific approaches, as he uses new technological techniques such as montageRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction1180 Words   |  5 Pagesour lives†. Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, are all forms of mass media, but one could dispute that they are unnecessary to the development of society. Walter Benjamin argues in, â€Å"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,† that with reproducibility of images, submission towards the film increases thus a lack in the formation of one’s own opinions. Today, if asked, not many would protest the invention and rise of film, but according to Walter Benjamin, a mass media invention like film, wasRead MoreA Brief Note On Rheumatoid Arthritis ( Ra )1556 Words   |  7 Pages(Temprano Smith, 2015). These are s ignificant problems that affect the quality of life for the patient as well as make treatment from the clinical aspect more complicated. History of Rheumatoid Factor Rheumatoid factor was discover by a Scandinavian man named Erik Waaler in the year 1940; he did not receive much attention after publishing a paper that describing a serological technique to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis due to WWII. Another scientist, Rose, along with colleagues made a similar, re-discoveryRead MoreThe Organization Recruitment And Selection Process1397 Words   |  6 Pagesto know something about what someone else needs to say in regards to her or his experience of a characterizing occasion, individual, thought, or thing. We pick the meeting since we know that an ideal approach to get into the lived understanding of a man who has encountered a critical wellbeing related issue is to empower the individual to portray that experience. We are occupied with the individual s discernment, feeling, and conduct as a binding together entirety as opposed to as free parts to beRead MoreEvolution Can Be Scary, Important And Intimidating1618 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan the conve rsation by asking her to recount her existing knowledge of evolution. What came to mind first? She immediately stated that evolution had â€Å"something† to do with humans being descendants of apes. The image of the monkey turning in the cave man also came to her mind. My grandma also said that she believed evolution blindly stated that humans evolved from apes. This did not surprise me! From here, I asked her for her opinion regarding evolution and religion. Do evolution and religion clashRead MoreHow Audience Driven Performance Art Differ From Other Forms Of Art Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pagesallows the viewer to confront their own thoughts rather than just examine the piece without thinking about its relationship to the self. The performance becomes truly interesting when the second actor joins in the production. I stood and watched as a man approached from one side of the piece while another was looking from the opposite, neither expected to see the other when they peere d into the box, and were visible surprised. This short connection that the two spect-actors make is the performance,Read MoreThe And Of A Bernoulli Random1868 Words   |  8 Pagesthis technique: 1. Overestimation of the power of statistical testing 2. Overestimation of signiï ¬ cance in statistical testing 3. Overreliance of inferential methods as conclusive proof without regard to sampling error 4. A misguided sense of reproducibility 4 In several of the studies presented later in this paper, Ayton, et al. (1989) provide a valid proposition regarding the lack of many researchers to obtain a sequence of suï ¬Æ'cient length. That is, these researchers subscribe to the previously

Social Media and social responsibility Essay Example For Students

Social Media and social responsibility Essay Connie ElmoreGEB2430Professor Richardson, Todd May 1, 2017Social Media and social responsibilityIntroductionThe most important consideration in social responsibility for anorganization is that it should not be executed on the basis of the views ofan individual, but it should be a reflection of the values as well asbeliefs of the owners and the shareholders. Engagement of stakeholdersplays a crucial role in the corporate social responsibility of theorganization as well as in the achievement of the triple bottom line(Gillenwater, 2008). Dialogue is very important in identifying theenvironmental as well as social issues that affect performance,accountability and enhancement of decision-making. The most importantconsideration for an organization is that business environment takesaccount of some crucial business strategies appraises in a continuousprocess which facilitates focusing on evaluation together with control ofbusiness through setting strategies as well as goals that should minim izecosts and ensure maximization of profits in the business (Gillenwater,2008). The use of social media to build social responsibility is animportant consideration in the success of the business. It is thereforeimportant for an organization to formulate strategies that are significantfor their business in minimizing organizational costs coupled with raisingthe margin of profits in their business. Overall theme of the topic, background and why is it importantThe use of social media plays a vital role in perfecting the socialresponsibility in an organization through building a defense shield(Gillenwater, 2008). This is particularly important during the times ofcrisis where the organization should embrace the responsibility of beingtransparent as well as open. Expeditious communication to the customers isa vital consideration in the social responsibility of the company(Gillenwater, 2008). The use of digital platform has been an effective wayof achieving such an objective in the organization, before the actualeruption of any crisis in the organization irrespective of its cause, theorganization must embrace the requisite mechanisms to cushion thestakeholders through leveraging the positive performance of the company(Gillenwater, 2008). It is important for the organization to build networksthat comprises the supporters over time, which must be aligned with thevalues as well as, the actions of the business that facilitate in theprotection of the business during crisis (Collis Jef, 2001). There arelimited and straightforward strategies that can be applied in social mediaby organizations that facilitate in highlighting the commitments of thebusiness to the social responsibility and aid in the building of the socialmedia in the organization. Transparency is an important consideration in the socialresponsibility program of the business and more so when a social networkingplatform is being harnessed. The online consumers are particularlyconfident and the must therefore be accorded open communication thatenhances the reputation of the business management (Collis Jef, 2001). Social responsibility at an organization must be able to position thebusiness in the existing environment. The use of social networkingplatforms in social media is crucial in shaping the social responsibilitystrategy in the organization. They describe the strategic positioning ofthe organization and the ethical reputation inherent in an organizationbusiness which in turn explains the perception of the society to anorganization and the willingness of an organization to interact with thecommunity. The most important consideration in social responsibility for anorganization is that it should not be executed on the basis of the views ofan individual but should be a reflection of the values as well as beliefsof the owners and the shareholders (Gillenwater, 2008). .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 , .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .postImageUrl , .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 , .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4:hover , .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4:visited , .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4:active { border:0!important; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4:active , .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4 .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u717515db2bfe9e28dcd0aa729c3badf4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parts Of The Brain And Their Function EssayFacts, differing views, and concernsThe social responsibility in a business organization can therefore besuccessful or a source of failure. The success of the social responsibilitydepends on their degree of expressing the behavior objectives. Goodbehaviors must be encouraged while the bad ones must be spelled out anddiscouraged. The mission of the business must be a reflection of the socialresponsibility (Schwartz, 2001). The failure of the social responsibilityin addressing the employees behaviors in the organization requires theaction of the management to correct what seems to go wrong (Stevens, 2008). They must ascertain that their goals are pragmatic because socialresponsibilities that aim too high are likely to fail. For example, in acommunity where corruption is endemic, a goal of ending the practice canonly mislead the administration in setting the agenda in the Socialresponsibility program (Schwartz, 2001). Feedback is an important actionfrom the management of the organization to make sure that the socialresponsibilities are successful. The business must consider the importance of social media in socialresponsibility in terms of helping the growth of the business. Some peoplemay argue that social responsibility should be contemplated from theperspective of marketing and PR but it is worth to appreciate thecontribution of social responsibility initiatives in the enhancement of thebrand image (Collis ; Jef, 2001). There is a strong interrelationshipbetween social responsibility and social media in the contemporarybusiness. In case the business is interested in an involvement with aparticular issue, leveraging on social media is a prudent consideration andlarge corporations have illustrated success in this development. An organization must also recognize the need for socialresponsibility as important innovation of the twenty-first century. Socialresponsibility is a crucial tool for an organization as it is able tofacilitate smarter, productive and faster performance of the workforce. This is the premise behind application of social responsibility at anorganization in the processes of organization and incentivizingcollaborative behaviors (Collis ; Jef, 2001). Consequently, the use ofsocial responsibility at an organization can lead to the transformation inthe approach of converting knowledge in to action (Collis ; Jef, 2001). An organization is likely to be empowered by social responsibility todiscuss issues related to their work hence making their work easier andsatisfying. An organization must therefore embrace social responsibility tofacilitate speedy solutions. An organization must adopt socialresponsibility strategies such social media thus making clients to becompany advocates in promoting company brand. What do you think is the right thing to do and whyAn organization must also appreciate the fact that, the business mustmake considerable strides in identification of the importance of issues ofsocial responsibility in the context of business (Collis ; Jef, 2001). Themanagement of an organization must be knowledgeable of the appropriatetheoretical frameworks that can fully explain the contribution of socialresponsibility in influencing the perception of clients in diverse aspectsin the mix of marketing communication. The social responsibility in business management must be able toposition the business in the existing environment (Collis ; Jef, 2001). Itdescribes the strategic positioning of the organization and the ethicalreputation inherent in an organization business which in turn explains theperception of the society to an organization and the willingness of anorganization to interact with the community (Collis ; Jef, 2001). The mostimportant consideration in social responsibility for an organization isthat it should not be executed on the basis of the views of an individualbut should be a reflection of the values as well as beliefs of the ownersand the shareholders. It is also the responsibility of the organization managers to take into account the issue of stakeholder strategies and organize them forseveral purposes. An organization must be in a position to communicate tothe primary stakeholders, and others that their support is necessary tosupport desired performance, they must tell them what specific actions areenvisioned, by which stakeholders, and when (Collis ; Jef, 2001). TheImportant stakeholders then review the proposed strategies to select thosemost appropriate and add other strategies that would be useful and make acommitment to act on those strategies at the right time. .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a , .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .postImageUrl , .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a , .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a:hover , .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a:visited , .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a:active { border:0!important; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a:active , .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c3b2ff6b7b40605edb45512d490053a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Beatles to this day are one of the most famous Essay ReferencesCollis, B. ; Jef, M., (2001). Flexible learning in a digital world:experiences and expectations.London: Kogan Page. Gillenwater, P., (2008). Take your new team to the top. Journal ofAccountancy (March): 58-61. Schwartz, M., (2001). The Nature of the Relationship Between CorporateCodes of Ethics andBehaviour. Journal of Business Ethics 32 (3):247 262.

Citizens on Patrol free essay sample

Citizens on Patrol What would an Individual do to keep their home or neighborhood safe? The answer has become quite popular over the last few decades. In fact neighborhood prevention Is becoming extremely popular as well as successfully reducing crime In some neighborhoods. One of the major forms of neighborhood crime prevention Is citizen patrol. Citizen patrol or often referred to as citizen on patrol is extremely popular due to the fact that it solely relies on surveillance. Furthermore, not only do these individuals volunteer their time to simply observe, they produce dramatic exults in the process and work with law enforcement officers to stop neighborhood crime. What is the citizen on patrol program? According to the National Association of Citizens on Patrol, Citizens on Patrol is a generic name used by many to describe a special group of Law Enforcement Volunteers.The association goes further to elaborate that, the Citizens On Patrol are Citizens who, after being screened, background checked, and trained by their local law enforcement agency, patrol their communities acting as Eyes and Ears for law enforcement. Citizens On Patrol are also referred to as Citizen Observer Patrols, Community Action Patrols, Police Auxiliary Citizens Team, Retired Senior Volunteer Patrol, Volunteers In Policing, Volunteers On Patrol, as well as other names.The citizens on patrol main goal are to observe. These individuals volunteer their time and effort in order to be a visual surveillance for their family and neighbors. The history of citizen patrol dates back all the way back to the asss. There has been much skepticism over the first actual citizen on patrol program. However the guardian angels organization is the only one that can show history dating back from four decades. The Guardian angels organization was founded February 13, 1979 In New York City by Curtis Swiss and has 15 chapters In fifteen countries around the world. (www. Gradualnesss. Go) Not only are they a nonprofit International organization but most Importantly they are unarmed citizen crime patrolled. The Guardian Angels are by far not the only citizen on patrol organization: they are merely just the beginning. The Houston Police Department identifies four goals of citizen patrol.These goals are as follows: to provide an effective method of discouraging neighborhood crimes ND decline, to promote a friendly and safer neighborhood environment while respecting the privacy and rights of all citizens, to encourage awareness and provide improved communication among neighbors, and to upgrade the quality of life and property values In the area. According to the National Association of Excellent Patrol, the number of Individual Citizen Patrol Volunteers within the united States Is estimated to be over 75,000 with groups in every state of the nation.All members have completed a basic class with attend additional ongoing training throughout the year. Most citizen patrols operate n foot however there are some that use either their personal cars or marked cars. According to Baltimore County Citizen Patrol, one method of patrolling utilizes 3 persons: 2 in the car, a driver and an observer while the thi rd person remains at home with a radio. They call this the base station. If the patrolled spots something, they radio the Base Station, who then calls 911.Another option is the use of cellular telephones. This allows patrolled to call 911 directly. Some groups utilize both. Many groups also have daylight patrols and utilize people who regularly walk and bike for exercise. (Baltimore County Police Department, B. C. P. D. ) It is not uncommon for some citizen patrols to be patrolling seven days and nights each week. However the B. C. P. D. Reports that most patrol only two to four nights with a varied schedule. Why the varied schedule? This is done so no one or no offender can pinpoint their routine.However each schedule is made to fit with the neighborhood as well as it events. For example a neighborhood with a large number of kids would not need patrolling during after school hours because the parents would be home. A common misconception is that citizen patrols only watch the neighborhood. However according to National Association of Citizen Patrol many citizen patrol control traffic at accident scenes, special events, crime scenes, fires, in addition to focused patrols in high crime areas for deterrence.The Citizen on Patrol program is an effective measure of crime prevention for most communities. The name alone acts as a deterrence of crime to many. According to the Baltimore Police County Police Department the majority of our patrols have drastically reduced crime in their neighborhoods and eliminated the suspicious activity associated with crime, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life in the immunity. One major benefit of the citizen patrol involves the cost saving of law enforcement and communities.For example the citizen patrols are volunteers so these individuals save tax payers and law enforcement major bucks. It is not uncommon for an average size Citizen Patrol group of 50 members to provide a budget savings of several hundred thousand dollars a year by performing these duties. The funds saved can then be used to put more Officers and Deputies on the streets or purchase needed equipment. In addition to budget savings, it is not uncommon for active Citizen Patrol groups to reduce crime by an average of 20 recent. (National Association of Citizen Patrol) The National Association of Citizen Patrol also posts hundreds of success stories of how citizens patrol across the world are indeed working. In conclusion the citizen patrol groups have proven to be an excellent complement to law enforcement agencies. On the contrast there are some communities were the citizen patrol did not reduce crime but lowered the citizens fear of crime. The Newark foot patrol experiment was done in 1979 and included 28 New Jersey cities.The study shocked many by showing that it had no effect on crime rates. However what it did show was something not expected. The study concluded that residents knew when officers were patrolling their neighborhoods on foot, residents in areas patrolled by officers on foot thought that crime was less of a problem than did residents in areas with only motorized patrol, living in areas with foot patrol took fewer steps to protect themselves against crime, and residents in areas with foot patrol were more satisfied with police services. Summarized the residents basically saw their communities as safer and better places to live, and were more satisfied with police services On the contrast when it moms to the citizen patrol downfall there is a somewhat problem with its effectiveness. The citizen patrols are aimed at preventing crime but mostly personal crimes. The problem however, is according to the text book most personal crimes occur between individuals who know one another and within the home.This means that citizen patrol would be least effective when the victims are neighbors or friends. However when it comes to strangers the program has much success. Think about it, if an individual were a criminal, would he really go to a community where people are patrolling. Furthermore most of the neighborhoods post citizens on patrol street signs at all entrances, advertising their patrol. In conclusion they are several thousand forms of citizen patrol in the world.However each one operates under the same sole purpose of protecting the neighborhood. What makes many of them spectacular is the amount of community involvement. The most important thing to remember is these are often nonprofit organizations with individuals who volunteer their services. These men or women volunteer their time and effort to strictly become the neighborhood visual surveillance. As far as their success rate sure some programs are not effective in reducing crime rates but that is some not all.